Tips for preventing food-borne illnesses from holiday feasts TRIBUNE NEWS SERVICE

Turkey is the most popular dish during Thanksgiving celebrations, yet there are many inexperienced cooks who will be in the kitchen. The U.S. Department of Agriculture is encouraging consumers to practice food safety throughout the entire Thanksgiving process, from the grocery store to the dining table.

To keep your Thanksgiving food safe, follow these tips from the USDA:

1 SHOPPING

■ Bacteria can multiply to dangerous levels if perishables are left in the "Danger Zone" -- temperatures between 40 and 140 degrees Fahrenheit -- for too long. Pick up your turkey and other perishable products at the end of your shopping trip so they stay cold as long as possible. Pack perishables in insulated bags with cold sources if the trip home is longer than an hour and place them in the refrigerator as soon as you get home.

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■ Make sure the packaging of your turkey is not torn or leaking. Juices from raw poultry can cause cross-contamination of harmful bacteria that can get you sick. Place turkey and other raw meat products in plastic bags and in a separate part of your shopping cart to prevent harmful bacteria from spreading.

2 THAWING

A frozen turkey can be safely thawed in the refrigerator or in cold water.

■ When thawing in a refrigerator at 40 degrees or below, allow roughly 24 hours for every 4 to 5 pounds. Consider putting the turkey in a container or dish to contain the juices that may leak.

■ When thawing in cold water, allow roughly 30 minutes per pound. Submerge the wrapped turkey in the cold water and change the water every 30 minutes until the turkey is fully thawed. Once thawed, cook the turkey immediately.

3 PREPARING

When it is time to prepare the turkey, keep in mind that turkeys may contain bacteria that cause food-borne illness.

Keep the turkey and its juices separate from foods that won't be cooked. Clean and sanitize surfaces that come into contact with the turkey and its juices. A USDA study found that about 30% of consumers did not successfully clean and sanitize kitchen surfaces around meal preparation.

Washing a turkey is risky because it can spread bacteria to your sink and other nearby surfaces. If you choose to wash it, make sure to fully clean surfaces with soap and water afterward and then sanitize using a sanitizing solution.

4 COOKING

There are many ways to cook a turkey, but one thing remains consistent: The turkey needs to reach a safe minimum internal temperature of 165 degrees, as measured by a food thermometer, in three places -- the thickest part of the breast, the innermost part of the thigh and the innermost part of the wing. Always use a thermometer to make sure the turkey is fully cooked even if the turkey has a pop-up temperature indicator. If stuffing your turkey, the stuffing must also reach 165 degrees in the center of the stuffing.

5 SERVING

When serving food to groups, remember the two-hour rule. Perishable foods that have sat out at room temperature for more than two hours are unsafe due to bacterial growth and must be discarded. When you are serving food, keep hot food hot and cold food cold. This will keep it from developing harmful bacteria.

■ Hot foods such as turkey, macaroni and cheese, stuffing, mashed potatoes and gravy must be kept at or above 140 degrees, and you can do so by serving them in warming trays, chafing dishes, slow cookers, etc.

■ Cold foods such as salad, cranberry relish, deviled eggs and cold dips must be kept below 40 degrees, and you can do so by serving them in trays or bowls nestled over ice. Remember to replace the ice as it melts. You can also serve cold foods by dividing them in small portions and serving them a portion at a time, keeping the remainder in the refrigerator.

6 LEFTOVERS

Leftovers are arguably one of the best parts of Thanksgiving. For leftovers to be safe to keep, they must be refrigerated within two hours of serving or have been kept hot at or above 140 degrees or cold below 40 degrees. Discard any foods that sat out for more than two hours at room temperature because bacteria that cause food-borne illness could have reached dangerous levels. If you have turkey leftovers, carve the bird into smaller pieces and place them into small, shallow containers so the meat can cool evenly and quickly.

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